In ancient times, grains of various plants were mainly used as mass units for jewelry. Today we use more convenient designations, but even the word “carat” comes from the name of the carob tree, the seeds of which also served to determine the value of a stone or pearl.
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What is a carat?
So, there is an international treaty called the Metric Convention, which is currently signed by 55 industrialized and commercial states. This agreement ensures the constancy and unity of measurement standards, among which is the carat, as a unit of measurement for the mass of a precious stone or pearl.
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How much does 1 carat weigh when measuring the mass of gemstones?
According to the reference, a carat weight is equivalent to 200 mg (0.2 grams). At the same time, in most countries (including Russia), a carat cannot have a fractional part, and the weight of a raw material or product is indicated by an integer.
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obsolete carat
In the literature and scientific works of the past, one can also find the designations “English carat” and “Arabic carat” (aka “kirat”).
An English carat (about 205.4 grams) was used in Britain and its colonies until 1888 and was equal to about 3.170 of a troy grain, which, in turn, was the equivalent weight of an average barley grain.
The Arabic karat was defined differently in different countries of the Middle East and Asia. For example, in Egypt and Syria it was about 195 mg, and in Asia Minor – 204 mg.
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Karat in gold
Our compatriots are often confused by the fact that in many Western countries, gold is measured in carats. Indeed, how can the ratio of metals in a product be determined by a unit of weight?
In fact, everything is simple. Just like the sample familiar to us, the carat determines the proportion of pure gold in the alloy, or rather, in its 24 weight fractions. Converting a sample to carats is quite simple, you just need to multiply the existing value by 24 and then divide by 1000. For example, to convert the 585th sample to carats, we use a simple equation:
X u003d 24 × 585: 1000 u003d 14 carats (585th sample corresponds to 14 carats)
Similarly, you can convert carats to sample:
X u003d 1000 × 18: 24 u003d 750 sample (18 carats corresponds to the 750th sample).
The most common gold alloys (carats and samples)
- 24 Carat = 999 proof = 100% gold alloy
- 18 carats = 750 fineness = 75% gold in the alloy
- 14 carats = 585 fineness = 58.5% gold in the alloy
- 12 carats = 500 proof = 50% gold in the alloy
- 9 Carats = 375 fineness = 37.5% gold in the alloy
- 8 Carats = 333 fineness = 33.3% gold in the alloy
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