ALBANY, N.Y. — New York health officials confirmed Thursday that a case of polio was recently recorded in Rockland County, the first time the highly infectious virus has been reported in the U.S. since 2013. The nearly eradicated disease, which can affect the nervous system and cause muscle weakness, is incredibly contagious and can be dangerous or even fatal for those not vaccinated. Officials encouraged anyone not up on their shots to do so immediately. “The polio vaccine is safe and effective, protecting against this potentially debilitating disease, and it has been part of the backbone of …